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Understanding and Working with Shame: Psychotherapeutic, Cultural and Philosophical Perspectives

Author(s) : Carsten René Jorgensen

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Historical developments in our understanding of shame
3. The phenomenology of shame: How is shame experienced?
3.1 The spectrum of shame: Constructive versus destructive shame
3.2 The subjective experience of shame
4. The basic structure of shame in relation to human sociality
4.1 Sartre’s view: Shame and alienation
4.2 Scheler’s approach: Shame in the encounter of spirit and nature
4.3 Different forms of shame
4.4 Defences against and reactions to shame
4.5 Shame and guilt: Two inherently different moral affects
5. Destructive shame and mental illness
5.1 Eating disorders
5.2 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
5.3 Borderline personality disorder
5.4 Narcissistic and evasive personality disorder
5.5 Depression, anxiety, self-harm and substance abuse
5.6 Identity disturbances
6. Shame and contemporary culture
6.1 The dark side of individualistic and meritocratic competition societies
6.2 Shame as a driver of escalating conflicts – and cultural polarization
7. Psychotherapeutic work with destructive shame
7.1 The therapist’s stance and actions in the encounter with the patient 8. Conclusion